Programming With C Language

Module 1: Introduction to C Programming

• History and Overview of C
  • Origin and evolution of C
  • Features of C
  • Applications of C programming
• Structure of a C Program
  • Syntax of a C program
  • Compilation and execution process
• Development Environment
  • Setting up a C compiler (GCC, Turbo C, etc.)
  • Writing and running your first program: Hello, World!

Module 2: Basics of C Programming

• Data Types and Variables
  • Primitive data types: int, float, char, double
  • Variable declaration and initialization
  • Constants and literals
• Input and Output
  • printf() and scanf() functions
  • Format specifiers
• Operators and Expressions
  • Arithmetic, relational, logical, and bitwise operators
  • Assignment and conditional operators
  • Precedence and associativity

Module 3: Control Structures

• Decision-Making Statements
  • if, if-else, and else-if ladder
  • Nested if statements
  • switch-case statement
• Loops
  • for, while, and do-while loops
  • Break and continue statements
• Branching
  • goto statement (rarely used, but covered for understanding)

Module 4: Functions

• Defining and Using Functions
  • Function declaration, definition, and calling
  • Return values and types
• Parameter Passing
  • Call by value vs. call by reference
• Recursion
  • Understanding recursive functions with examples
• Storage Classes
  • Automatic, static, external, and register storage classes

Module 5: Arrays and Strings

• Arrays
  • Introduction to arrays
  • One-dimensional arrays
  • Two-dimensional arrays (matrices)
  • Array operations
• Strings
  • Introduction to strings in C
  • String handling functions: strlen(), strcpy(), strcmp(), strcat()
  • String manipulation examples

Module 6: Pointers

• Basics of Pointers
  • Pointer declaration and initialization
  • Dereferencing pointers
  • Pointer arithmetic
• Pointers and Arrays
  • Relationship between pointers and arrays
• Dynamic Memory Allocation
  • Using malloc(), calloc(), realloc(), and free()
• Pointers and Functions
  • Passing pointers to functions
  • Returning pointers from functions

Module 7: Structures and Unions

• Structures
  • Defining and using structures
  • Array of structures
  • Nested structures
  • Passing structures to functions
• Unions
  • Understanding unions and differences from structures
• Enumerations
  • Defining and using enumerations

Module 8: File Handling

• Basics of File Handling
  • File operations: fopen(), fclose(), fwrite(), fread()
  • Reading and writing to files
• File Modes
  • Text vs. binary files
• Error Handling
  • Handling file I/O errors